Graduated as a planner in South Africa at the University of the Witwatersrand in 1972. Has worked in the UK since 1975. From 1975 to 1982 in local government with Thurrock Borough Council and Wycombe District Council. From 1982 to 1995 in private practice as a planning consultant. Joined the Planning Inspectorate in 1995. Now an Assistant Director in PINS with specific responsibility for Development Plans and Major Casework.